{"id":24766,"date":"2021-10-13T00:00:07","date_gmt":"2021-10-12T16:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.science.nus.edu.sg\/?p=24766"},"modified":"2021-10-13T15:11:05","modified_gmt":"2021-10-13T07:11:05","slug":"titanium-catalysis-enables-stereoselective-synthesis-of-c-glycosides-and-glycopeptides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.science.nus.edu.sg\/blog\/2021\/10\/titanium-catalysis-enables-stereoselective-synthesis-of-c-glycosides-and-glycopeptides\/","title":{"rendered":"Titanium catalysis enables stereoselective synthesis of C-glycosides and glycopeptides"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">NUS chemists have conceived a new strategy to synthesize medicinally important <i>C<\/i>-alkyl and <i>C<\/i>-alkenyl glycosides through a titanium-catalysed reductive transformation process that reacts readily with glycosyl chlorides and various activated alkenes or alkynes. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\">C<\/span><\/i><span lang=\"EN-GB\">-Alkyl glycosides occur widely in nature and exhibit a myriad of desirable biological activities. Furthermore, the robustness of <i>C<\/i>-glycosidic bonds towards hydrolytic enzymes <i>in vivo<\/i> enables <i>C<\/i>-alkyl glycosides to play a crucial role in the design of sugar-based pharmaceutical candidates. In particular, the synthesis of <i>C<\/i>-alkyl glycosides which are conjugated to amino acids or peptide derivatives offers a powerful platform to develop sugar-based peptidomimetics. Such <i>C<\/i>-glycosylated peptide analogues are useful in drug development and biological studies to investigate the mechanism of blood-brain transport involving bioactive peptides as well as the role of glycosylation in peptide stabilisation. Unfortunately, existing non-catalytic protocols often rely on superstoichiometric amounts of reagents which limit practicality, whereas current catalytic protocols exhibit limited scope that hamper applicability to drug and glycopeptide preparation.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">A research team led by Prof KOH Ming Joo, from the Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore has developed a reaction that promotes carbon-carbon bond formation between glycosyl chloride donors and electron-withdrawing alkenes\/alkynes under mild reductive conditions to give stereodefined <i>C<\/i>-glycosides (see Figure 1). Mechanistic studies revealed that the titanium catalytic species accelerate the generation of glycosyl radical intermediates and their addition across the <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">p<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">-bond. Equally crucial is the use of the triethylamine hydrochloride proton source, which allows for efficient protonolysis (cleavage of a chemical bond by acids) to turn over the catalytic cycle. Further insights were obtained from Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations performed by Dr ZHANG Xinglong, a collaborator from the Institute of High Performance Computing at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Prof Koh said, \u201cOur new titanium-catalysed manifold is not only an advancement in the field of catalytic glycosyl radical functionalisation, but also contributes significantly to carbohydrate research by providing an enabling avenue to access high-value <i>C<\/i>-glycoside building blocks.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u201cWe expect our developed protocol to facilitate biological studies and fuel new medicinal chemistry initiatives towards the development of glyco-based therapeutic candidates. Furthermore, the mechanistic insights derived from our work are likely to inspire future efforts in the design of new stereoselective transformations to access other important classes of carbohydrate compounds,\u201d added Prof Koh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The research team plans to employ this work to the synthesis of a library of <i>C<\/i>-glycosides for potential biological testing. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.science.nus.edu.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/295._Koh_MJ_CHM_20211010_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.science.nus.edu.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/295._Koh_MJ_CHM_20211010_1.jpg 602w, https:\/\/www.science.nus.edu.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/295._Koh_MJ_CHM_20211010_1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.science.nus.edu.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/295._Koh_MJ_CHM_20211010_1-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Figure 1: Schematic showing the development of a general titanium-catalysed glycosyl radical functionalisation regime that offers expeditious access to valuable <i>C<\/i>-alkyl and <i>C<\/i>-alkenyl glycosides. [Credit: Chem]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Reference<\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Jiang Y; Wang Q*; Zhang X*; Koh MJ*, \u201cSynthesis of <i>C<\/i>-glycosides by Ti-catalyzed stereoselective glycosyl radical functionalization\u201d CHEM DOI: 10.1016\/j.chempr.2021.09.008 Published: 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NUS chemists have conceived a new strategy to synthesize medicinally important C-alkyl and C-alkenyl glycosides through a titanium-catalysed reductive transformation&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":24764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11185,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-carbohydrate-chemistry","category-research-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.6 (Yoast SEO v23.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Titanium catalysis enables stereoselective synthesis of C-glycosides and glycopeptides - NUS Faculty of Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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